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US laws were/are strange.
Not half as strange as the ADR. For example, in USA we can fit any size engine we want. Another example, we can cut springs. And we don't see carnage on the road because of either of these. Australia ADR seems oddly restrictive compared to USA regulations.
USA regulation is based on two principles:
1. Highway Traffic Safety. As d-man points out, some of those laws have had limited success, but others undeniably set the lead (e.g. seat belts required for 1968).
2. Emissions Control
Another factor (the one that resulted in our hideous bumpers from 1973 to late 80s) was the "Cost Savings Act". But it didn't save any money, per government report.
I wouldn't be surprised if fewer 1200s here have minor "fender benders" at night than in other countries. The large reflectors make USA cars quite obvious even in the dark, parked along the street or on the shoulder. Newer cars even have reflectors on the inside of the doors.