Well this is an interesting topic, since this my line of work.
As a rule of thumb, if you have to raise your voice to be heard at one metre, you need to wear ear muffs/plugs.
Until the advent of aircon, the number one cause of deafness in australia was driving with the window down. Yes thats right, its not uncommon for people aged 40+ to be more deaf in the right ear due to the wind noise.
The other one is that also until farmsafe requirements to have ROPS installed on all machinay, which basicaly killed all open cab machines, right ear deafness was caused by right handed farmers looking over their left shoulder at the implement. This exposed the right ear more to the already too loud machine more than the left ear.
So over all the ole right ear has copped a flogging in the past.
An intreating point to note is that despite all the measures that we currently have in the industrial workplace, the number of people claiming workplace/industrial deafness is increasing (per capita), so we are still sending people deaf. Something to think about.
But yes the rule of thumb. If you have to raise your voice to speak to another person at one meter apart, then you need to wear ear protection.
Ear protection also comes in variety of types and levels of protection. Getting something that is australia standards approved is not always enough.
Try and buy earplugs/muffs with a 33db rating. This is as good as it gets for a single device, and you can always wear earplugs with muffs if things get very loud, but also remember that you cant add up the ratings on the plugs and muffs to get a total protection rating. It doesent work like that.
I could go on about how safety is used and abused in the workplace and at home, but unlesss someone is intested, ill leave that dry subject alone.
Rock on!