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does the auto really have any idea what speed it is doing?, and without looking back into it properly i cant remember any sort of connection to inlet vaccum to gearbox/gearbox related bits???
There is a govornor in the back of the trans, ususally in the extention housing. This uses a weight device that acts as a regulator, that balances hydraulic pressure against pressure that is controlled by the modulator valve. This valve is in turn controlled by the amount of vacuum in the manifold.
When you have the pedal down, manifold vacuum is low & the modulator pressure is high. The govornor needs to spin faster to allow the pressures to balance & for the upshift to occur. At light throttle, the modulated pressure is lower due to the modulator valve being under the influence of greater manifold vacuum. The driveshaft/ govornor will build up the right pressure at a lower speed & the upshift occurs earlier.
Flooring it at low speed drops the vacuum, & pushes up the modulator pressure, causing the trans to kick down. There is also an electric switch involved with the downshift function.
Some of these parts are shown in the Gregories manual, so have a squizz to see how it sort of works.
It's actually more complex than that but it's the simplest explanation I could come up with. In this instance, good vacuum equals good auto driving.