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When heated the molecules will have more kinetic energy and need more room to resonate. or whatever Al alloy molecules like to do with their energy. If you think of the molecules that make up the filler plug hole as a bunch of people all crowded together holding hands in a circle, if they all move in towards the centre of the circle they get more squashed and uncomfortable, which would happen if you cooled the gearbox. If the people in the circle start dancing around and waving their arms and doing star jumps
Straight to the poolroom wall with that little beauty. Well done!
Theres not to much "dancing around" going on but you have a handle on what happens with heat. The expanding of the alloy happens along its structure (like slivers or fault lines in rock) depending on the grade and the manufacturing processes used.
I say it again - the co efficient of expension of alloy is greater then that of steel - therefore the alloy will be bigger than the steel for any given temp(up to a point).
The structures of most metals can be changed with the use of both heat and cold. Keep in mind that you will only be using low heat which will grow the alloy and it will return to its original "room temp" state once it cools.